Margaret Thatcher's contributions to British politics include her role as the first female Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, serving from 1979 to 1990. Known as the "Iron Lady," Thatcher implemented significant economic reforms that emphasized free markets, privatization of state-owned industries, and reducing the power of trade unions. Her policies aimed to reduce government intervention in the economy and promote entrepreneurship, leading to increased economic growth and higher unemployment initially. Additionally, her strong stance during the Cold War and alignment with the United States shaped international relations and solidified her as a prominent figure in modern political history.