Childhood hardships that influenced the literary voice of J.K. Rowling include her early experiences with poverty and the emotional struggles of her mother's illness. Rowling faced significant challenges as a single mother while writing the first Harry Potter book. These personal adversities shaped her understanding of themes such as resilience, friendship, and the battle between good and evil in her works. Her ability to weave these experiences into her storytelling resonates with readers, making her characters relatable and their journeys impactful.