The teachings of Socrates profoundly impacted moral philosophy by emphasizing the pursuit of knowledge and self-awareness. His method of questioning, known as the Socratic method, encouraged critical thinking and dialogue, challenging individuals to examine their beliefs and values. Socrates introduced the idea that "an unexamined life is not worth living," highlighting the importance of ethics and virtue. His emphasis on moral integrity and the quest for truth laid the groundwork for modern philosophy, influencing subsequent thinkers and establishing ethics as a vital area of philosophical inquiry.