Friedrich Nietzsche's philosophy critiqued conventional morality by challenging established norms and questioning societal values. He introduced concepts such as the will to power and the idea of the Übermensch (Overman) to promote individualism and self-overcoming. Nietzsche argued that traditional morality, often rooted in religion, diminished human potential and creativity. His idea of eternal recurrence invited individuals to examine their choices and embrace life fully. By rejecting absolute truth and encouraging lively debate, Nietzsche's work destabilized moral certainties, prompting reflection on personal responsibility and ethical frameworks in modern philosophy.