The historical context of the Renaissance shaped Leonardo da Vinci's work by placing a strong emphasis on humanism, observation, and the importance of art in understanding the world. The revival of classical knowledge and focus on the individual spurred Da Vinci's exploration of various disciplines, including art, science, and anatomy. His pursuit of knowledge and mastery over techniques, such as Sfumato, allowed him to create masterpieces that captured the essence of humanity. This interconnection between art and science characterized the Renaissance and solidified Da Vinci's status as a polymath.