The term for the science of classification of organisms is taxonomy. This biological discipline involves categorizing living things into a structured system that reflects their relationships and characteristics. Taxonomy uses a hierarchical structure, with levels such as domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, to organize organisms based on shared traits. Founded on the work of Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century, taxonomy helps scientists universally identify and communicate about species. It plays a crucial role in biodiversity conservation, ecology, and understanding evolutionary relationships.